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The U.S. Code is more strict about some aspects of handling the flag
than contemporary culture demands—it states, for example, that the flag should not be "printed or otherwise impressed on
paper napkins or boxes or anything that is designed for temporary use and discard." Our society has interpreted some of the
rules rather loosely because we're enthusiastic about displaying our national symbol. Nevertheless, some important rules of
decorum should be followed.
Here are the basics:
Ideally, an American flag on your house should hang from a staff
that angles out from the front wall, a windowsill, or balcony. It's a good idea to screw a bracket made for holding a flagstaff to
the trim. Fasten it securely so it won't become soiled or damaged. Do not allow the flag to touch the ground, floor, water, or
anything else beneath it. It's also appropriate to hang the flag from a horizontal staff.
Whether the flag hangs from an
angled or horizontal staff, be sure the union or canton (the rectangle with the stars) is at the peak. (Hanging the flag with the
union down signals extreme distress.) When our President declares the flag to be flown at half-staff, it is acceptable to hang the
flag from a horizontal staff with the union down, though your neighbors may not understand why you're doing this.
When the
flag is displayed either horizontally or vertically against a wall, the union should be at the top and to your left. When
displayed in a window, the flag should be hung so that the union is on the left when you see it from the street.
The
American flag is meant to be a flag; don't use it for any other purpose. For example, don't use it as drapery, ceiling decoration,
or as a bed spread. And never use it as a receptacle for carrying or holding anything.
Though it is customary to fly the
flag from sunrise to sunset, the U.S. Code says that "when a patriotic effect is desired," you can display it around the
clock. If you do, you should illuminate it with a light.
If you display the American flag next to other flags or pennants,
place it on the right side of a single flag or at the center of a group and slightly higher than the other flags. If an American
flag is on the same staff as other flags, it should always be at the top. The gist is that other flags should not be in positions
of greater prominence or honor.
When displayed from a car, the flagstaff should be fixed or clamped firmly to the vehicle,
ideally on the right side. The flag should not be draped over the hood, top, sides, or back. The same holds true for a flag
displayed on a float in a parade. Don't carry the flag flat or horizontally. And, because it is not meant to be apparel, do not
wear a United States flag. If you wear a lapel flag, pin it on the left side, near your heart.
The gold trim is found on
ceremonial flags, to be used indoors only. They originally were used on military flags. The fringe has no specific significance,
but is considered completely within the guidelines of proper flag etiquette. There is nothing in the flag code indicating that the
fringe is for federal government flags only. The Internet contains many sites that claim that the fringe indicates martial law or
that the Constitution does not apply in that area. These are entirely unfounded and should be dismissed as urban legends.
Why
bother with flag etiquette when you're excited about flying the Stars and Stripes? Consider this - for more than two hundred
years, our country's military, firemen, police, and other service personnel have practiced these measures faithfully, treating our
flag with the highest esteem. This is one way we can meet the high standard they have set.
Flag Laws and Regulations:
By
Executive Order, the flag flies 24 hours a day at the following locations:
The Betsy Ross House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The
White House, Washington, D.C. U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C. Washington Monument, Washington, D.C. Iwo Jima Memorial to
U.S. Marines, Arlington, Virginia Battleground in Lexington, MA (site of first shots in the Revolutionary War) Winter
encampment cabins, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Maryland (a flag flying over Fort McHenry after a battle
during the War of 1812 provided the inspiration for The Star-Spangled Banner The Star-Spangled Banner Flag House, Baltimore,
Maryland (site where the famed flag over Fort McHenry was sewn) Jenny Wade House in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (Jenny Wade was
the only civilian killed at the battle of Gettysburg) U.S.S. Arizona Memorial, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii All custom points and
points of entry into the United States
The following codification of existing rules and customs pertaining to the display
and use of the flag of the United States of America be, and it is hereby, established for the use of such civilians or civilian
groups or organizations as may not be required to conform with regulations promulgated by one or more executive departments of the
Government of the United States. The flag of the United States for the purpose of this chapter shall be defined according to title
4, United States Code, Chapter 1, Section 1 and Section 2 and Executive Order 10834 issued pursuant thereto.
Sec. 2. It is
the universal custom to display the flag only from sunrise to sunset on buildings and on stationary flagstaffs in the open.
However, when a patriotic effect is desired, the flag may be displayed twenty-four hours a day if properly illuminated during the
hours of darkness.
The flag should be hoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
The flag should not be displayed on
days when the weather is inclement, except when an all-weather flag is displayed.
The flag should be displayed on all days,
especially on
New Year's Day, January 1 Inauguration Day, January 20 Lincoln's Birthday, February 12 Washington's
Birthday, third Monday in February Easter Sunday (variable) Mother's Day, second Sunday in May Armed Forces Day, third
Saturday in May Memorial Day (half-staff until noon), the last Monday in May
Flag Day, June 14 Independence Day, July 4 Labor
Day, first Monday in September Constitution Day, September 17 Columbus Day, second Monday in October Navy Day, October 27 Veterans
Day, November 11 Thanksgiving Day, fourth Thursday in November Christmas Day, December 25 and such other days as may be
proclaimed by the President of the United States, the birthdays of States (date of admission) and on State holidays.
The
flag should be displayed daily on or near the main administration building of every public institution.
The flag should be
displayed in or near every polling place on election days.
The flag should be displayed during school days in or near every
schoolhouse.
Sec. 3. That the flag, when carried in a procession with another flag or flags, should be either on the
marching right; that is, the flag's own right, or, if there is a line of other flags, in front of the center of that line.
The
flag should not be displayed on a float in a parade except from a staff, or as provided in subsection (i).
The flag should
not be draped over the hood, top, sides, or back of a vehicle or of a railroad train or a boat. When the flag is displayed on a
motorcar, the staff shall be fixed firmly to the chassis or clamped to the right fender.
No other flag or pennant should be
placed above or, if on the same level, to the right of the flag of the United States of America, except during church services
conducted by naval chaplains at sea, when the church pennant may be flown above the flag during church services for the personnel
of the Navy.
The flag of the United States of America, when it is displayed with another flag against a wall from crossed
staffs, should be on the right, the flag's own right, and its staff should be in front of the staff of the other flag.
The
flag of the United States of America should be at the center and at the highest point of the group when a number of flags of
States or localities or pennants of societies are grouped and displayed from staffs.
When flags of States, cities, or
localities, or pennants of societies are flown on the same halyard with the flag of the United States, the latter should always be
at the peak. When the flags are flown from adjacent staffs, the flag of the United States should be hoisted first and lowered
last. No such flag or pennant may be placed above the flag of the United States or to the United States flag's right.
When
flags of two or more nations are displayed, they are to be flown from separate staffs of the same height. The flags should be of
approximately equal size. International usage forbids the display of the flag of one nation above that of another nation in time
of peace.
When the flag of the United States is displayed from a staff projecting horizontally or at an angle from the
window sill, balcony, or front of a building, the union of the flag should be placed at the peak of the staff unless the flag is
at half-staff. When the flag is suspended over a sidewalk from a rope extending from a house to a pole at the edge of the
sidewalk, the flag should be hoisted out, union first, from the building.
When displayed either horizontally or vertically
against a wall, the union should be uppermost and to the flag's own right, that is, to the observer's left. When displayed in a
window, the flag should be displayed in the same way, with the union or blue field to the left of the observer in the street.
When
the flag is displayed over the middle of the street, it should be suspended vertically with the union to the north in an east and
west street or to the east in a north and south street.
When used on a speaker's platform, the flag, if displayed flat,
should be displayed above and behind the speaker. When displayed from a staff in a church or public auditorium, the flag of the
United States of America should hold the position of superior prominence, in advance of the audience, and in the position of honor
at the clergyman's or speaker's right as he faces the audience. Any other flag so displayed should be placed on the left of the
clergyman or speaker or to the right of the audience.
The flag should form a distinctive feature of the ceremony of
unveiling a statue or monument, but it should never be used as the covering for the statue or monument.
The flag, when
flown at half-staff, should be first hoisted to the peak for an instant and then lowered to the half-staff position. The flag
should be again raised to the peak before it is lowered for the day. On Memorial Day the flag should be displayed at half-staff
until noon only, then raised to the top of the staff. By order of the President, the flag shall be flown at half-staff upon the
death of principal figures of the United States Government and the Governor of a State, territory or possession, as a mark of
respect to their memory. In the event of the death of other officials or foreign dignitaries, the flag is to be displayed at
half-staff according to Presidential instructions or orders, or in accordance with recognized customs or practices not
inconsistent with law. In the event of the death of a present or former official of the government of any State, territory, or
possession of the United States, the Governor of that State, territory, or possession may proclaim that the National flag shall be
flown at half-staff. The flag shall be flown at half-staff thirty days from the death of the President or a former President; ten
days from the day of death of the Vice President, the Chief Justice or a retired Chief Justice of the United States, or the
Speaker of the House of Representatives; from the day of death until interment of an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, a
Secretary of an executive or military department, a former Vice President, or the Governor of a State, territory, or possession;
and on the day of death and the following day for a Member of Congress. As used in this subsection (1) the term
"half-staff" means the position of the flag when it is one half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff;
(2) the term "executive or military department" means any agency listed under sections 101 and 102 of title 5, United
States Code; and (3) the term "Member of Congress" means a Senator, a Representative, a Delegate, or the Resident
Commissioner from Puerto Rico.
When the flag is used to cover a casket, it should be so placed that the union is at the
head and over the left shoulder. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or allowed to touch the ground.
When the
flag is suspended across a corridor or lobby in a building with only one main entrance, it should be suspended vertically with the
union of the flag to the observer's left upon entering. If the building has more than one main entrance, the flag should be
suspended vertically near the center of the corridor or lobby with the union to the north, when entrances are to the east and west
or to the east when entrances are to the north and south. If there are entrances in more than two directions, the union should be
to the east.
Sec. 4. That no disrespect should be shown to the flag of the United States of America -- the flag should not
be dipped to any person or thing. Regimental colors, State flags, and organization or institutional flags are to be dipped as a
mark of honor.
The flag should never be displayed with the union down, except as a signal of dire distress in instances of
extreme danger to life or property.
The flag should never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, the floor, water,
or merchandise.
The flag should never be carried flat or horizontally, but always aloft and free.
The flag should
never be used as wearing apparel, bedding, or drapery. It should never be festooned, drawn back, nor up, in folds, but always
allowed to fall free. Bunting of blue, white and red, always arranged with the blue above, the white in the middle, and the red
below, should be used for covering a speaker's desk, draping the front of the platform, and for decoration in general.
The
flag should never be fastened, displayed, used, or stored in such a manner as to permit it to be easily torn, soiled, or damaged
in any way.
The flag should never be used as a covering for a ceiling.
The flag should never have placed upon it,
nor on any part of it, nor attached to it any mark, insignia, letter, word, figure, design, picture, or drawing of any nature.
The
flag should never be used as a receptacle for receiving, holding, carrying, or delivering anything.
The flag should never
be used for advertising purposes in any manner whatsoever. It should not be embroidered on such articles as cushions or
handkerchiefs and the like, printed or otherwise impressed on paper napkins or boxes or anything that is designed for temporary
use and discard. Advertising signs should not be fastened to a staff or halyard from which the flag is flown.
No part of
the flag should ever be used as a costume or athletic uniform. However, a flag patch may be affixed to the uniform of military
personnel, firemen, policemen, and members of patriotic organizations. The flag represents a living country and is itself
considered a living thing. Therefore, the lapel flag pin being a replica, should be worn on the left lapel near the heart.
The
flag, when it is in such condition that it is no longer a fitting emblem for display, should be destroyed in a dignified way,
preferably by burning.
Sec. 5. During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag or when the flag is passing in a parade
or in review, all persons present except those in uniform should face the flag and stand at attention with the right hand over the
heart. Those present in uniform should render the military salute. When not in uniform, men should remove their headdress with
their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Aliens should stand at attention. The salute to
the flag in a moving column should be rendered at the moment the flag passes.
Sec. 6. During rendition of the national
anthem when the flag is displayed, all present except those in uniform should stand at attention facing the flag with the right
hand over the heart. Men not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the
hand being over the heart. Persons in uniform should render the military salute at the first note of the anthem and retain this
position until the last note. When the flag is not displayed, those present should face toward the music and act in the same
manner they would if the flag were displayed there.
Sec. 7. The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, "I pledge allegiance
to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with
liberty and justice for all," should be rendered by standing at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart.
When not in uniform men should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over
the heart. Persons in uniform should remain silent, face the flag, and render the military salute.
Sec. 8. Any rule or
custom pertaining to the display of the flag of the United States of America, set forth herein, may be altered, modified, or
repealed, or additional rules with respect thereto may be prescribed, by the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United
States, whenever he deems it to be appropriate or desirable; and any such alteration or additional rule shall be set forth in a
proclamation.
No person shall display the flag of the United Nations or any other national or international flag equal,
above, or in a position of superior prominence or honor to, or in place of, the flag of the United States at any place within the
United States or any Territory or possession thereof; Provided, That nothing in this section shall make unlawful the continuance
of the practice heretofore followed of displaying the flag of the United Nations in a position of superior prominence or honor,
and other national flags in positions of equal prominence or honor, with that of the flag of the United States at the headquarters
of the United Nations.
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